The Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) Act, 1920 (Act No. 40 of 1920) was enacted on 14th September 1920, marking the formal establishment of Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) as a central university. The origins of AMU trace back to the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (MAO College), founded in 1875 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, a visionary reformer who sought to modernize Muslim education in India by blending Western scientific knowledge with Islamic teachings. The college became the nucleus for AMU, which was envisioned as a residential university promoting higher education among Muslims while fostering national integration.
The Act was introduced during the British colonial era, reflecting the socio-political aspirations of Indian Muslims post-World War I. It dissolved the MAO College and the Muslim University Association, transferring their assets and functions to the newly incorporated university. Over time, the Act underwent amendments, notably in 1951, 1972, and 1981, to align with India’s constitutional values, expand academic scope, and streamline governance.
The AMU Act, 1920, reflects a historic compromise between Muslim educational aspirations and national integration. Its amendments demonstrate adaptability to India’s evolving constitutional framework while preserving AMU’s core mission: academic excellence rooted in cultural heritage. Today, AMU stands as a testament to Sir Syed’s vision, contributing to India’s intellectual and socio-political landscape.