The Anusandhan National Research Foundation Act, 2023 is a landmark legislation enacted by the Indian Parliament to establish the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF). This apex body provides strategic direction for research, innovation, and entrepreneurship in natural sciences, engineering, technology, health, agriculture, and interdisciplinary fields including humanities and social sciences. Replacing the Science and Engineering Research Board Act, 2008, the ANRF aims to strengthen India’s research ecosystem by funding projects, fostering international collaboration, and encouraging public and private sector investment. It plays a crucial role in promoting scientific temper and supporting transformative research to address national and global challenges.