The Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU) Act, 2016, marks a significant milestone in the evolution of agricultural education and research in India, particularly in Bihar. The Act was enacted to convert the existing Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, into a central agricultural university, elevating its status to an institution of national importance. This transformation was formalized on May 28, 2016, and came into force on October 7, 2016, as notified by the Central Government.
The roots of the university trace back to the Bihar Agricultural University Act, 1987, which established the Rajendra Agricultural University. Named after India's first President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the university was originally focused on addressing the agricultural needs of Bihar. Over time, its contributions to agricultural education, research, and extension services highlighted its potential to serve a broader national purpose. The 2016 Act was introduced to harness this potential, aligning the university's objectives with national agricultural development goals while retaining its regional focus on Bihar.

The RPCAU Act, 2016, signifies a strategic effort to strengthen agricultural education and research in India. By declaring the university an institution of national importance, the Act enhances its capacity to contribute to agricultural innovation and rural development. The emphasis on extension education ensures that research benefits farmers directly, particularly in Bihar, a state with a predominantly agrarian economy.
The Act also reflects India's commitment to decentralizing agricultural education while maintaining high standards. Its provisions for collaboration with other institutions and industries highlight a modern approach to agricultural science, addressing contemporary challenges like climate change and food security.