The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, is a foundational legislation that governs the admissibility, relevance, and evaluation of evidence in Indian courts. Enacted during British rule, it was drafted by Sir James Fitzjames Stephen and came into force on September 1, 1872. The Act consolidates the principles of evidence law, ensuring uniformity and fairness in judicial proceedings across India.
This Act defines key concepts such as facts, evidence, witnesses, and presumptions, while outlining rules for oral, documentary, and electronic evidence. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of legal processes by preventing irrelevant or unreliable evidence from influencing court decisions. Over the years, amendments have been made to incorporate modern advancements, such as electronic records and digital signatures, ensuring the Act remains relevant in today’s digital age.
The Indian Evidence Act is indispensable to India’s legal system, providing a structured framework for evidence handling in both civil and criminal cases, thereby upholding justice and transparency.