The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 was enacted to address the controversial practice of instant triple talaq (talaq-e-biddat) among Muslims, which allowed men to unilaterally divorce their wives by uttering "talaq" three times in one sitting—often leaving women destitute without legal recourse. The law was introduced after the Supreme Court's landmark 2017 judgment in Shayara Bano v. Union of India, which declared instant triple talaq unconstitutional. The Act criminalizes the practice, making it a punishable offense with imprisonment up to three years and a fine. It also ensures that divorced Muslim women are entitled to maintenance, custody of children, and subsistence allowance from their husbands. While critics argue that criminalization may not be the best remedy, the Act aims to safeguard Muslim women's dignity and financial security, aligning with constitutional principles of gender justice.