The Works of Defence Act, 1903 was enacted during British rule to regulate land use near military installations, ensuring unobstructed zones for national security. At the time, India’s defense infrastructure was expanding, and the law aimed to prevent encroachments or constructions that could compromise strategic locations like forts, arsenals, and barracks. Post-independence, the Act was retained with amendments to align with India’s federal structure, transferring powers from colonial authorities (e.g., Lieutenant Governor) to the Central Government. Key updates included:
Territorial extension (1965) to cover all of India, including newly formed states.
Procedural refinements, such as dispute resolution mechanisms and compensation guidelines.
Modernization of terms like "General Officer Commanding the District" to reflect current military hierarchies.
National Security: Ensures defense installations remain unobstructed, critical for strategic readiness.
Balanced Rights: Mandates fair compensation, preventing arbitrary land use restrictions.
Legal Clarity: Structured processes for declarations, surveys, and disputes reduce litigation risks.
Adaptability: Amendments have kept the Act relevant in modern contexts, such as urban expansion near military zones.
The Works of Defence Act, 1903, is a cornerstone of India’s defense-land management, harmonizing security imperatives with equitable treatment of landowners. Its enduring framework, updated periodically, reflects a pragmatic approach to safeguarding national interests while upholding constitutional rights to property and due process.