1. Heading of the Judgment

Confederation of Real Estate Developers' Associations of India (CREDAI) & Ors. vs. Union of India & Ors. (Civil Appeal Nos. 10043 of 2024, 5532 & 5533 of 2025)
Date of Judgment: September 12, 2025
Coram: Justice R. Mahadevan and Justice J.B. Pardiwala
Citation: 2025 INSC 1112

2. Related Laws and Legal Provisions

This judgment primarily interprets and applies the following laws and notifications:

• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EP Act): The parent legislation under which the environmental clearance regime is established.
  Sections 3(1) and 3(2)(v): Empower the Central Government to take measures for protecting and improving the environment.

• The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006 (S.O. 1533(E)): The primary subordinate legislation that mandates prior environmental clearance (EC) for specified projects. Its key features include:
  Categorization of Projects: Projects are classified as:
  Category A: Appraised by the Central Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) and approved by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
  Category B: Appraised by the

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