1. Heading of the Judgment

Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited vs. Essar Power Limited and another
Citation: Civil Appeal Nos. 6581-6582 of 2025, Supreme Court of India, decided on September 25, 2025.
(2025) INSC 1160 (Reportable)

2. Related Laws and Sections

The judgment primarily interprets and applies the following legal provisions and principles:

• The Electricity Act, 2003:
  Section 86(1)(f): Jurisdiction of the State Electricity Regulatory Commission to adjudicate upon disputes between generating companies and licensees.
  Section 125: Provides for appeals to the Supreme Court from the orders of the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL).

• Indian Contract Act, 1872:
  Section 73: Provides for compensation for loss or damage caused by a breach of contract.

• Central Legal Principles:
  Interpretation of Contracts: The judgment revolves around the true interpretation of a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA).
  Doctrine of Restitution: The principle of restoring a benefit received for which no payment was due.
  Binding Nature of Precedents: The importance of correctly understanding and applying the ratio of a prior judgment of the Supreme Court between the same parties.

3. Basic Judgment Details

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