In-Short

Case: In Re: Assent, Withholding or Reservation of Bills by the Governor and the President of India Citation: 2025 INSC 1333

A landmark Advisory Jurisdiction verdict establishing that Governors have independent discretion (unbound by Ministerial advice) to reserve or return Bills and cannot simply "sit" on them indefinitely, while simultaneously ruling that Courts cannot prescribe rigid timelines or invoke "deemed assent" for legislative Bills.

1. Case Name and Citation

IN RE: ASSENT, WITHHOLDING OR RESERVATION OF BILLS BY THE GOVERNOR AND THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA

Citation: 2025 INSC 1333 Jurisdiction: Advisory Jurisdiction (Special Reference No. 1 of 2025)

2. Related Laws and Constitutional Provisions

This judgment primarily interprets and clarifies the following Articles of the Constitution of India:

• Article 200: Powers of the Governor regarding Assent to Bills, Withholding Assent, or Reservation for the President.

• Article 201: Powers of the President regarding Assent to Bills reserved for consideration.

• Article 143: Advisory Jurisdiction (Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court).

• Article 163: Counci

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