1. Heading of the Judgment

Jane Kaushik vs. Union of India & Ors. (2025 INSC 1248)

2. Related Laws and Sections

The judgment extensively interprets and applies the following constitutional and statutory provisions:

• The Constitution of India:
  Article 14: Right to Equality (including substantive equality and the doctrine of reasonable accommodation).
  Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth (interpreted to include "gender identity").
  Article 16: Equality of opportunity in public employment.
  Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability (interpreted to include social exclusion based on stigma).
  Article 19: Right to freedom (including the right to choose a profession).
  Article 21: Right to Life and Personal Liberty (including the right to live with dignity, privacy, and against discrimination).
  Article 32: Power to issue writs for enforcement of fundamental rights.

• The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019:
  Section 3: Prohibition against discrimination in various fields, including employment and education.
  Section 9: Prohibition of discrimination in employment by establishments.
  Section 10 & 11: Obligations of establishments to provide facilities and set up a grievance redressal mechanism via a Complaint Officer.
  Sections 8, 13, 14, 15: Welfare measures to be undertaken by the appropriate Government in education, social security, and health.

• The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Rules, 2020:
  Rule 10: Mandates the formulation of welfare schemes and creation of infrastructure.
  Rule 12: Requires establishments to publish an Equal Opportunity Policy for transgender persons.
  Rule 13: Details the procedure for designating a Complaint Officer and handling complaints.

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