Case Synopsis

Manoj @ Munna vs. The State of Chhattisgarh (2025 INSC 1466)Synopsis: Supreme Court Explicates the Legal Insufficiency of 'Last Seen' Theory as Sole Ground for Murder Conviction and Reiterates Prosecution's Inalienable Burden of Proof.

1. Heading of the Judgment

Case Name: Manoj @ Munna vs. The State of Chhattisgarh
Citation: 2025 INSC 1466
Court: Supreme Court of India
Judges: Justice Sanjay Karol & Justice Prashant Kumar Mishra
Date: December 18, 2025
Criminal Appeal No.: 1129 of 2013

2. Related Laws and Sections

The judgment engages with the following statutory provisions:

• Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC): Sections 302 (Murder) and 201 (Causing disappearance of evidence of offence).

• Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC): Section 313 (Examination of the accused).

• Indian Evidence Act, 1872: Section 106 (Burden of proving fact especially within knowledg

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