Case Synopsis

M.K. Ranjitsinh & Ors. vs. Union of India & Ors. (2025 INSC 1472)

Synopsis : The Supreme Court forged a jurisprudential equilibrium between safeguarding a critically endangered avian species, the Great Indian Bustard, and sustaining India's renewable energy transition, advocating for science-driven, zonal mitigation over absolute prohibitions.

1. Heading of the Judgment

Case Name: M.K. Ranjitsinh & Others vs Union of India & Others
Citation: 2025 INSC 1472
Court: Supreme Court of India
Judges: Justice Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha, Justice Atul S. Chandurkar
Date: December 19, 2025

2. Related Laws and Sections

The judgment interprets and applies the following legal provisions:

• Article 32 of the Constitution of India: Invoked for the enforcement of fundamental rights, specifically the right to a healthy environment under Article 21.

• Article 51A(g) of the Constitution: Fundamental duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment.

• Sections 135 & 166 of the Companies Act, 2013: Pertaining to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the duty of directors to act in the best interests of the community and environment, establishing that "Corporate Social Responsibility" inherently includes "Corporate Environmental Responsibility."

• Section 68 of the Electricity Act, 2003: Concerning the installation and approval of overhead power lines.

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