1. Heading of the Judgment

Narayan Yadav vs State of Chhattisgarh
(Supreme Court of India, Judgment dated 5th August 2025)

2. Relevant Laws and Sections Discussed

The judgment extensively interprets:

• Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA):
  Section 25: Prohibits confessions made to police officers from being used as evidence.
  Section 27: Allows information leading to discovery of facts (e.g., weapons, stolen goods) to be admissible.
  Section 8: Conduct of the accused (e.g., surrendering, pointing out evidence) is relevant.
  Section 21: Admissions (non-confessional statements) are admissible against the maker.

• Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC):
  Section 300: Defines "murder" and Exception 4 (sudden fight without premeditation).
  Section 304: Punishment for culpable

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