1. Heading of the Judgment

Case Title: New India Assurance Co. Ltd. vs. Narayan Singh & Ors.
Citation: 2025 INSC 1178 
Court: Supreme Court of India
Case No.: Special Leave Petition (C) No. 19976 of 2019 (Leading to Civil Appeal)
Judges: Justice N.V. Anjaria and Justice K. Vinod Chandran
Date of Judgment: September 26, 2025

2. Related Laws and Legal Principles

The judgment engages with procedural and substantive principles of motor accident claims law:

• Motor Vehicles Act, 1988: The foundational law for claiming compensation. The case revolves around the validity of an insurance policy under this Act.

• Principles of "Pay and Recover": A judicial principle where an insurance company is first directed to pay the compensation to the victims (third parties) and is then given the right to recover the amount from the negligent party (the vehicle owner/driver). This is typically applied in cases of breach of policy conditions (e.g., fake license, expired policy) to

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