1. Heading of the Judgment

Case Title: SANKAR PADAM THAPA vs. VIJAYKUMAR DINESHCHANDRA AGARWAL
Citation: 2025 INSC 1210
Court: Supreme Court of India
Jurisdiction: Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction
Criminal Appeal No.: Criminal Appeal No. _____ of 2025 (@ SLP (Crl.) No. 4459 of 2023)
Judges: Hon'ble Mr. Justice Ahsanuddin Amanullah and Hon'ble Mr. Justice Prashant Kumar Mishra
Date of Judgment: October 09, 2025

2. Related Laws and Sections

The judgment revolves around the interpretation and application of the following legal provisions:

• The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (NI Act):
  Sections 138 & 142: Dealing with the offence of dishonour of a cheque and the conditions for filing a complaint.
  Section 141: Deals with offences by companies. It stipulates that if the offence is committed by a company, every person who was in charge of and responsible for the conduct of the company's business at the time of the offence shall be deemed guilty.

• The Indian Trusts Act, 1882:
  Section 3: Defines a "trust" as an "obligation annexed to the ownership of property" arising out of confidence reposed and

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