1. Heading of the Judgment

Case Name: State Bank of India & Others v. Ramadhar Sao
Citation: 2025 INSC 1010
Court: Supreme Court of India
Judges: Justice Rajesh Bindal and Justice Manmohan
Date of Judgment: August 20, 2025

2. Related Laws and Legal Principles

The judgment revolves around the following legal principles:

• Judicial Review in Disciplinary Matters: Courts cannot act as appellate authorities; they can only intervene if there is a violation of natural justice, procedural irregularity, or manifest injustice.

• Departmental Inquiry Standards: Findings of disciplinary authorities are based on preponderance of probabilities, not proof beyond reasonable doubt.

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