1. Heading of the Judgment

Union Territory of J & K & Anr. vs. Raja Muzaffar Bhat & Ors. (2025 INSC 1025)
Decided on: August 22, 2025
Coram: Justice Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha and Justice Atul S. Chandurkar
Topic: Mandatory Requirement of a Replenishment Study in a District Survey Report for Granting Environmental Clearance for Sand Mining.

Citation: Union Territory of J & K & Anr. vs. Raja Muzaffar Bhat & Ors., (2025) INSC 1025

2. Related Laws, Regulations, and Guidelines

The judgment interprets and reinforces the framework governing sand mining in India, primarily built on:

• Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: The umbrella legislation under which all environmental clearances are granted.

• EIA Notification, 2006: The central regulation mandating prior Environmental Clearance (EC) for specified projects, including mining.

• E

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