1. Heading of the Judgment

Case Name: Zainul & Ors. vs. State of Bihar
Citation: 2025 INSC 1192
Court: Supreme Court of India
Jurisdiction: Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction
Judges: Justice J.B. Pardiwala and Justice R. Mahadevan
Date of Judgment: October 7, 2025

2. Related Laws and Legal Provisions

This judgment primarily interprets and applies the following legal provisions:

• Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC): Constructive liability of members of an unlawful assembly.

• Section 141 of the IPC: Definition of an unlawful assembly.

• Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC): Relating to the registration of a First Information Report (FIR).

• Section 161 of the CrPC: Relating to the recording of statements by the police during investigation.

• Sections 302 (Murder) and 307 (Attempt to Murder) of the IPC: Read with Section 149.

3. Basic Details of the Case

• Origin: The appeals arose from a common judgment of the Patna High Court which had upheld the convictions and life sentences of the appellants.

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